Retaining Wall Stone: Top 10 Tips for Durable Walls in 2024

 

Retaining wall stone is a great way to combine beauty and functionality in your landscape design. Whether you need it to prevent soil erosion on a slope or to create visually stunning garden features, retaining wall stone offers versatility and durability.

Quick Overview:
– Purpose: Holds back soil, adds structure and interest to landscapes
– Materials: Concrete blocks, natural stone, brick, wood
– Benefits: Stability, erosion control, aesthetic value

I’m Scott McLeod, owner of McLeod Landscaping, with over 30 years of experience in landscaping and hardscaping in the Merrimack Valley area. Throughout my career, I’ve seen how retaining wall stone can lift both the beauty and functionality of your outdoor spaces.

Retaining wall stone terms to remember:
– block walls
– concrete retaining wall blocks
– landscape blocks

Choosing the Right Stone for Your Retaining Wall

Selecting the right material for your retaining wall stone is crucial. Different materials offer various benefits and aesthetics. Let’s explore some popular options:

Concrete Blocks

Concrete blocks are a top choice for retaining walls due to their strength and versatility. They come in various shapes and sizes to fit any design.

• Durability: Concrete blocks can last for decades.
• Ease of Installation: They are relatively easy to work with, making them ideal for DIY projects.
• Variety: Available in different textures and colors to match your landscape.

Poured Concrete

Poured concrete offers a sleek, modern look and is incredibly durable.

• Strength: Ideal for high walls or heavy loads.
• Customizable: Can be poured into any shape, allowing for unique designs.
• Maintenance: Requires minimal upkeep.

Dry Stacks

Dry stack walls use stones without mortar, creating a rustic and natural appearance.

• Flexibility: Can shift slightly without cracking, ideal for areas with freeze-thaw cycles.
• Aesthetics: Provides a timeless, organic look.
• DIY-Friendly: Easier to construct without the need for mortar.

Fieldstone

Fieldstone walls use naturally occurring stones, offering a unique and rugged charm.

• Natural Beauty: Each stone is unique, adding character to your wall.
• Durability: Can withstand harsh weather conditions.
• Cost: Often more expensive due to the need for skilled labor.

Brick

Brick retaining walls bring a classic, neat look to any landscape.

• Longevity: Bricks can last for many years with proper maintenance.
• Aesthetic Appeal: Offers a timeless and polished look.
• Strength: Suitable for both low and high walls.

Wood

Wood retaining walls provide a warm, natural feel but require more maintenance.

• Cost-Effective: Generally cheaper than stone or concrete.
• Appearance: Blends well with natural surroundings.
• Lifespan: Shorter compared to stone, typically lasting 10-20 years.

Dry Boulder

Dry boulder walls use large, uncut rocks, creating a bold, natural statement.

• Stability: The weight of the boulders provides excellent stability.
• Visual Impact: Large boulders create a dramatic effect.
• Installation: Requires heavy machinery and skilled labor.

Gabion

Gabion walls use wire baskets filled with rocks or stones, offering a modern, industrial look.

• Versatility: Can be filled with various materials to achieve different aesthetics.
• Durability: Extremely strong and long-lasting.
• Eco-Friendly: Allows for natural drainage and reduces erosion.

Stone Veneer

Stone veneer offers the look of natural stone without the weight or cost.

• Lightweight: Easier to handle and install.
• Cost-Effective: Less expensive than full stone.
• Aesthetic Variety: Available in many styles and colors.

Choosing the right retaining wall stone depends on your specific needs and preferences. Consider factors like durability, cost, and aesthetic appeal to make the best choice for your landscape.

Next, we’ll dig into the cost considerations for building a retaining wall, helping you budget effectively for your project.

Cost Considerations for Building a Retaining Wall

When planning to build a retaining wall, understanding the costs involved is crucial. Let’s break down the main cost factors: materials, professional installation, and DIY considerations.

Materials

Wood

Wood retaining walls offer a warm, natural look and are generally more affordable. However, they require more maintenance and have a shorter lifespan compared to stone or concrete.

• Cost: Typically ranges between $16 and $28 per square foot for professional installation. DIY costs can be as low as $10 per square foot.
• Lifespan: Usually lasts between 10-20 years.
• Maintenance: Requires regular treatment to prevent rot and insect damage.

Masonry Retaining Wall Block

Masonry blocks, such as concrete blocks, are popular for their strength and durability. They come in various shapes and sizes, making them versatile for different designs.

• Cost: On average, $23 per square foot for professional installation. For larger decorative blocks with extras like cap pavers, costs can go up to $30 per square foot.
• Durability: Can last for decades with minimal maintenance.
• Installation: Easier to install, making it a good option for DIY projects.

Rail Ties and Pressure-Treated Wood

Rail ties and pressure-treated wood are often used for their rustic appearance and cost-effectiveness. However, they may require special permits due to the chemicals used in treatment.

• Cost: Similar to wood, ranging between $16 and $28 per square foot.
• Lifespan: Pressure-treated wood lasts longer than untreated wood but still requires regular maintenance.
• Environmental Impact: Pressure-treated wood may not be allowed in some areas due to environmental concerns.

Professional Installation

Hiring professionals ensures that your retaining wall is built to last. They handle everything from excavation to final touches, ensuring proper drainage and stability.

• Hourly Rates: Vary depending on location and complexity of the project.
• Total Cost: For a 100-square-foot wall, expect to pay around $1,600 for basic installation with concrete blocks. Costs can increase with additional features and higher walls.

DIY Costs

Building a retaining wall yourself can save money, but it requires time, effort, and some expertise.

• Material Costs: Lower since you’re only paying for the materials, not labor.
• Tools and Equipment: You may need to rent or buy tools like a compactor, level, and wheelbarrow.
• Time and Effort: DIY projects can be time-consuming and physically demanding.

Cost Summary

Material	Professional Cost (per sq ft)	DIY Cost (per sq ft)
Wood	$16 – $28	$10
Masonry Retaining Wall Block	$16 – $30	$16
Rail Ties/Pressure-Treated Wood	$16 – $28	$10

Understanding these cost considerations will help you budget effectively for your retaining wall project. Next, we’ll explore the steps to constructing a durable retaining wall.

Steps to Constructing a Durable Retaining Wall

Building a stone retaining wall can seem daunting, but breaking it down into steps makes it manageable. Here’s a simple guide to help you construct a durable retaining wall:

1. Digging and Preparing the Trench

Start with a Plan: Determine the location and height of your wall. Mark the area using stakes and string.

Excavate the Trench: Dig a trench that’s at least 12 inches wide and deep enough to accommodate the base layer of your wall. The depth should be about one-tenth of the wall’s height, plus 6 inches for the gravel base.

2. Laying the Base

Add Gravel: Fill the trench with 6 inches of gravel. This creates a stable foundation and helps with drainage. Compact the gravel using a hand tamper or mechanical compactor.

Install Footings (if necessary): For taller walls or those that need extra stability, concrete footings may be required. Pour concrete into the trench and let it cure before proceeding.

3. Building the Wall

First Course: Place the largest, flattest rocks or concrete blocks directly on the gravel base. For concrete blocks, start with the AB Stone or similar type, ensuring they are level and aligned.

Gravity Wall Method: For a gravity wall, each layer of stones should be set back slightly from the one below it. This helps the wall lean into the soil it’s retaining, adding stability.

Subsequent Courses: Continue stacking rocks or blocks, staggering the joints for added strength. For concrete block walls, use construction adhesive between layers for extra stability.

4. Backfilling and Drainage

Backfill: As you build, backfill the area behind the wall with gravel. This provides additional drainage and support. Compact the backfill in layers to avoid settling.

Install Drainage Pipes: Place perforated drainage pipes at the base of the wall, directing water away to prevent buildup. Cover the pipes with gravel.

5. Finishing Touches

Top Cap: Add a top cap of flat stones or special cap blocks for a finished look and extra stability.

Clean Up: Remove any excess dirt or debris from the wall and surrounding area.

Inspection: Regularly check your retaining wall for signs of damage or movement. Address any issues promptly to maintain its durability.

Building a stone retaining wall involves careful planning and execution, but the results are worth it. A well-built wall not only adds beauty but also provides essential structural support to your landscape. Now that you have a solid foundation, let’s explore how to maintain and extend the lifespan of your retaining wall.

Lifespan and Maintenance of Stone Retaining Walls

A well-built stone retaining wall can last anywhere from 40 to 100 years, depending on the materials used and maintenance practices. Let’s break down the key factors that influence the lifespan and upkeep of these walls.

Durability of Stone and Concrete

Stone and Concrete: Stone and concrete are among the most durable materials for retaining walls. Natural stone can last up to 100 years, while concrete blocks can also serve you well for decades. These materials are resistant to weathering and erosion, making them ideal for long-term use.

Wood: In contrast, wood retaining walls have a shorter lifespan, typically up to 40 years. While wood can be treated to resist rot and pests, it still doesn’t match the longevity of stone or concrete.

Essential Maintenance Tips

Sealing: Sealing your retaining wall is crucial to protect it from moisture, stains, and freeze-thaw damage. Products like HG Paver Seal and LG Paver Sealer are excellent choices. Sealing should be done every 2-3 years for optimal protection.

Efflorescence Cleaner: Over time, you might notice a white, powdery residue on your wall. This is called efflorescence and can be cleaned with an efflorescence cleaner. Regular cleaning helps maintain the wall’s appearance and prevents long-term damage.

Regular Inspections and Repairs

Inspections: Regularly inspect your retaining wall for cracks, loose stones, or signs of erosion. Early spring and late fall are good times for these checks. Addressing small issues promptly can prevent them from becoming major problems.

Backfill and Drainage: Ensure the backfill and drainage systems are functioning correctly. Poor drainage can lead to water buildup, which can compromise the wall’s stability. Make sure the drainage pipes are clear and the gravel backfill is well-compacted.

Preventative Measures

Weed Control: Weeds can displace stones over time. Using polymeric sand between pavers or stones can help lock them in place and deter weed growth. Natural herbicides or a mixture of vinegar, salt, and dish soap can also keep weeds at bay.

Cleaning: Regularly sweep and clean the wall to remove debris and prevent stains. For deeper cleaning, especially on textured surfaces, consider pressure washing once a year.

By following these maintenance tips, you can ensure your stone retaining wall remains beautiful and functional for many years. Now, let’s dive into some design ideas and functional uses for retaining walls to make the most of your landscape.

Design Ideas and Functional Uses of Retaining Walls

Retaining walls are not just functional; they can also add significant visual interest to your landscape. Let’s explore some design ideas and functional uses for retaining walls and freestanding walls.

Freestanding Walls: Ideal for Flat Ground

Freestanding walls are perfect for flat ground. They help divide landscapes into different areas, adding structure and visual interest. For example, you can use a freestanding wall to create an outdoor kitchen area or a cozy seating nook.

Retaining Walls: Essential for Sloping Ground

Retaining walls are a must for sloping ground. They provide crucial soil retention and stabilize steep slopes, preventing erosion. By creating flat terraces on a hill, you can make previously unusable space functional for gardening or outdoor activities.

Soil Retention and Erosion Control

One of the primary purposes of retaining walls is soil retention. They hold back soil and prevent it from sliding down, which is especially important in areas with heavy rainfall. This makes retaining walls essential for erosion control, helping to maintain the integrity of your landscape.

Landscape Division and Visual Interest

Both freestanding and retaining walls can be used to divide your landscape into distinct areas. This can break up open space and add layers of depth to your yard. For instance, a retaining wall can separate a garden area from a patio, creating a more organized and visually appealing layout.

Enhancing Visual Appeal

Retaining walls can be designed to mimic natural stone, adding a rustic charm to your garden. Belgard’s products, for instance, offer textures that emulate tumbled stone, stacked stone, and quarried stone, providing a wide range of aesthetic options. These walls can also be adorned with built-in planters, adding greenery and enhancing the visual appeal of your outdoor space.

Functional Features

Functional features can be incorporated into your retaining walls to maximize utility. Here are a few ideas:
– Built-in Seating: Integrate seating into your retaining wall design to create cozy gathering spots.
– Outdoor Kitchens: Use retaining walls to define and support outdoor kitchen areas.
– Fire Pits: Create a focal point with a fire pit surrounded by a retaining wall.
– Water Features: Add a soothing element with a stone water feature built into the wall.

Examples and Case Studies

Mark Izzo’s experience with Belgard products highlights how professional advice and quality materials can improve a landscape project. He noted, “These folks know what they’re doing. I came here to buy product for my paver patio project and also got helpful advice and guidance on certain questions and issues I was struggling with from their professional installation staff members.”

By incorporating these design ideas and functional uses, you can transform your retaining wall into a stunning and practical feature of your landscape. Next, we’ll look at the cost considerations for building a retaining wall.

Conclusion

At McLeod Landscaping, we understand the transformative power of well-designed retaining walls. A properly constructed retaining wall stone not only improves the beauty of your landscape but also provides essential structural support and soil retention.

Why Choose McLeod Landscaping?

Expertise and Experience: With over 30 years of experience, we bring a wealth of knowledge to every project. Our team is skilled in designing and building durable retaining walls that stand the test of time.

Customized Solutions: Every landscape is unique, and so are your needs. We tailor our retaining wall solutions to fit your specific requirements and vision, ensuring a perfect blend of functionality and aesthetics.

Quality Materials: We use only the best materials to ensure durability and visual appeal. Our selection includes various types of stone and concrete blocks, each chosen to match your landscape’s style and needs.

Client-Centric Approach: We believe in a collaborative process. We listen to your ideas, provide professional advice, and keep you informed every step of the way. Our goal is to exceed your expectations and deliver a landscape feature you’ll love.

Comprehensive Services

Whether you need a retaining wall to create a terraced garden, prevent soil erosion, or define a space, we have the expertise to deliver exceptional results. Our services include:

• Design and Installation: From initial consultation to final installation, we handle every aspect of your retaining wall project.
• Maintenance: We offer ongoing maintenance services to ensure your retaining wall remains in top condition.
• Additional Hardscaping: Beyond retaining walls, we provide a full range of hardscaping services, including patios, fire pits, outdoor kitchens, walkways, and stairs.

Transform Your Landscape

A well-designed retaining wall can significantly improve the functionality and visual appeal of your outdoor space. Whether you’re a homeowner looking to improve your backyard or a commercial property owner needing erosion control solutions, McLeod Landscaping has you covered.

Ready to transform your landscape with a stunning retaining wall? Contact us today to discuss your project and find how we can improve your property’s value and appeal.

By choosing McLeod Landscaping, you’re not just getting a retaining wall; you’re investing in a long-lasting, beautiful, and functional feature that will improve your outdoor space for years to come.